当预测不久的将来的环境中的要素状态时,Endley情况意识模型的最高级别称为投影。在网络安全状况的意识中,对高级持续威胁(APT)的投影需要预测APT的下一步。威胁正在不断变化,变得越来越复杂。由于受监督和无监督的学习方法需要APT数据集​​来投影APT的下一步,因此他们无法识别未知的APT威胁。在强化学习方法中,代理与环境相互作用,因此它可能会投射出已知和未知APT的下一步。到目前为止,尚未使用强化学习来计划APTS的下一步。在强化学习中,代理商使用先前的状态和行动来近似当前状态的最佳动作。当状态和行动的数量丰富时,代理人采用神经网络,该网络被称为深度学习来近似每个州的最佳动作。在本文中,我们提出了一个深厚的加固学习系统,以预测APT的下一步。随着攻击步骤之间的某种关系,我们采用长期短期记忆(LSTM)方法来近似每个状态的最佳动作。在我们提出的系统中,根据当前情况,我们将投影APT威胁的下一步。
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Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a treatment that is used to compensate for irregularities in the heartbeat. Studies have shown that this treatment is more effective in heart patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) arrhythmia. Therefore, identifying this arrhythmia is an important initial step in determining whether or not to use CRT. On the other hand, traditional methods for detecting LBBB on electrocardiograms (ECG) are often associated with errors. Thus, there is a need for an accurate method to diagnose this arrhythmia from ECG data. Machine learning, as a new field of study, has helped to increase human systems' performance. Deep learning, as a newer subfield of machine learning, has more power to analyze data and increase systems accuracy. This study presents a deep learning model for the detection of LBBB arrhythmia from 12-lead ECG data. This model consists of 1D dilated convolutional layers. Attention mechanism has also been used to identify important input data features and classify inputs more accurately. The proposed model is trained and validated on a database containing 10344 12-lead ECG samples using the 10-fold cross-validation method. The final results obtained by the model on the 12-lead ECG data are as follows. Accuracy: 98.80+-0.08%, specificity: 99.33+-0.11 %, F1 score: 73.97+-1.8%, and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC): 0.875+-0.0192. These results indicate that the proposed model in this study can effectively diagnose LBBB with good efficiency and, if used in medical centers, will greatly help diagnose this arrhythmia and early treatment.
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In this study, to address the current high earlydetection miss rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) polyps, we explore the potentials of utilizing transfer learning and machine learning (ML) classifiers to precisely and sensitively classify the type of CRC polyps. Instead of using the common colonoscopic images, we applied three different ML algorithms on the 3D textural image outputs of a unique vision-based surface tactile sensor (VS-TS). To collect realistic textural images of CRC polyps for training the utilized ML classifiers and evaluating their performance, we first designed and additively manufactured 48 types of realistic polyp phantoms with different hardness, type, and textures. Next, the performance of the used three ML algorithms in classifying the type of fabricated polyps was quantitatively evaluated using various statistical metrics.
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In this paper, to address the sensitivity and durability trade-off of Vision-based Tactile Sensor (VTSs), we introduce a hyper-sensitive and high-fidelity VTS called HySenSe. We demonstrate that by solely changing one step during the fabrication of the gel layer of the GelSight sensor (as the most well-known VTS), we can substantially improve its sensitivity and durability. Our experimental results clearly demonstrate the outperformance of the HySenSe compared with a similar GelSight sensor in detecting textural details of various objects under identical experimental conditions and low interaction forces (<= 1.5 N).
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在联合学习(FL)中,许多客户或设备在不共享数据的情况下协作培训模型。模型在每个客户端进行了优化,并进一步通信到中央集线器进行聚合。尽管FL是一个吸引人的分散培训范式,但来自不同客户的数据之间的异质性可能会导致本地优化从全球目标中消失。为了估计并消除这种漂移,最近已将差异技术纳入了FL优化。但是,这些方法不准确地估计客户的漂移,最终无法正确删除它。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种自适应算法,该算法可以准确地估计客户端的漂移。与以前的工作相比,我们的方法需要更少的存储和通信带宽以及较低的计算成本。此外,我们提出的方法可以通过限制客户漂移的估计标准来诱导稳定性,从而使大规模fl更实用。实验发现表明,所提出的算法比在各种FL基准中的基准相比,收敛的速度明显更快,并且获得了更高的准确性。
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基于变压器的语言模型能够生成流利的文本,并在各种自然语言生成任务中有效地适应。但是,已证明在大型未标记的网络文本语料库中鉴定的语言模型已被证明会遭受堕落的有毒内容和社会偏见行为的损害,从而阻碍了他们的安全部署。提出了各种排毒方法来减轻语言模型的毒性;但是,这些方法是在包含与性别,种族或宗教相关的特定社会身份的提示条件下进行排毒语言模型的。在这项研究中,我们提出了增强氧化。一种基于强化学习的方法,用于降低语言模型中的毒性。我们应对语言模型中的安全性挑战,并提出了一种新的奖励模型,该模型能够检测有毒内容并减轻对毒性预测中社会身份的意外偏见。该实验表明,用于语言模型排毒的增强方法化方法优于自动评估指标中现有的排毒方法,这表明我们在语言模型排毒中的方法能力和对生成内容中社会认同的意外偏见的能力较小。
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从多任务学习到稀疏的加性建模到分层选择,尊重群体结构的稀疏回归和分类估计器将其应用于各种统计和机器学习问题。这项工作引入了结构化稀疏估计器,将小组子集选择与收缩结合在一起。为了适应复杂的结构,我们的估计器允许组之间任意重叠。我们开发了一个优化框架,用于拟合非凸正则化表面并呈现有限样本误差界,以估计回归函数。作为一个需要结构的应用程序,我们研究了稀疏的半参数建模,该过程允许每个预测器的效果为零,线性或非线性。对于此任务,与替代方案相比,新的估计器对合成数据的几个指标有所改善。最后,我们证明了它们在使用许多预测因素的超市人流交通和经济衰退中建模的功效。这些演示表明,使用新估计量拟合的稀疏半参数模型是完全线性和完全非参数替代方案之间的出色折衷。我们所有的算法都可以在可扩展的实现GRPSEL中提供。
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可变形的物体操纵(DOM)是机器人中的新兴研究问题。操纵可变形对象的能力赋予具有更高自主权的机器人,并承诺在工业,服务和医疗领域中的新应用。然而,与刚性物体操纵相比,可变形物体的操纵相当复杂,并且仍然是开放的研究问题。解决DOM挑战在机器人学的几乎各个方面,即硬件设计,传感,(变形)建模,规划和控制的挑战突破。在本文中,我们审查了最近的进步,并在考虑每个子场中的变形时突出主要挑战。我们论文的特殊焦点在于讨论这些挑战并提出未来的研究方向。
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